MISRA C:2012

Embold detects violations of standards such as MISRA. To understand the percentage coverage on each standard, please read the respective sections below.

MISRA

Introduction

MISRA, The Motor Industry Software Reliability Association is a set of standards, that provides software development guidelines. Embold detects MISRA rule violations.
Embold fully supports 97.90% MISRA C:2012 rules. There is a total of 143 rules out of which Embold supports 140 and 3 rules (i.e. 18.2, 19.1, 22.3) are dynamic which Embold does not support right now.

Enabling and disabling MISRA checks in Embold

MISRA is one of the code issue type. For more details, refer to the Code Checker Configuration document. This article will be useful for enabling or disabling MISRA related code issues.

3816

MISRA C: 2012 Compliance Matrix

MISRA RULES

Mandatory

Required

Advisory

Decidable

Undecidable

Supported

155

9

98

33

118

24

Unsupported

3

1

2

3

3

13

Total

158

10

100

36

121

37

Percentage

98.10%

90%

98.00%

100%

97.5%

64.80%

Rules updated in Amendments 1 and 2 are included in the table above.

Supported MISRA rules

MISRA guidelines ensure that your code is safe and secure. Each rule has its own key and description. All the supported rules have KPI: Robustness. Following MISRA rules are supported by the latest version of Embold.

ID

Embold Rule Key

Description

Rule 1.1

MISRA-C2012-1.1

The program shall contain no violations of the standard C syntax and constraints, and shall not exceed the implementation’s translation limits.

Rule 1.2

MISRA-C2012-1.2

Language extensions should not be used

Rule 1.3

MISRA-C2012-1.3

There shall be no occurrence of undefined or critical unspecified behaviour

Rule 2.1

MISRA-C2012-2.1

A project shall not contain unreachable code

Rule 2.2

MISRA-C2012-2.2

There shall be no dead code

Rule 2.3

MISRA-C2012-2.3

A project should not contain unused type declarations

Rule 2.4

MISRA-C2012-2.4

A project should not contain unused tag declarations

Rule 2.5

MISRA-C2012-2.5

A project should not contain unused macro declarations

Rule 2.6

MISRA-C2012-2.6

A function should not contain unused label declarations

Rule 2.7

MISRA-C2012-2.7

There should be no unused parameters in functions

Rule 3.1

MISRA-C2012-3.1

The character sequences /* an // shall not be used within a comment

Rule 3.2

MISRA-C2012-3.2

If the source line containing a // comment ends with a \ character in the source character set, the next line becomes part of the comment. This may result in unintentional removal of code.

Rule 4.1

MISRA-C2012-4.1

Octal and hexadecimal escape sequences shall be terminated

Rule 4.2

MISRA-C2012-4.2

Trigraphs should not be used

Rule 5.1

MISRA-C2012-5.1

External identifiers shall be distinct

Rule 5.2

MISRA-C2012-5.2

Identifiers declared in the same scope and name space shall be distinct

Rule 5.3

MISRA-C2012-5.3

An identifier declared in an inner scope shall not hide an identifier declared in an outer scope

Rule 5.4

MISRA-C2012-5.4

Macro identifiers shall be distinct

Rule 5.5

MISRA-C2012-5.5

Identifiers shall be distinct from macro names

Rule 5.6

MISRA-C2012-5.6

A typedef name shall be a unique identifier

Rule 5.7

MISRA-C2012-5.7

A tag name shall be a unique identifier

Rule 5.8

MISRA-C2012-5.8

Identifiers that define objects or functions with external linkage shall be unique

Rule 5.9

MISRA-C2012-5.9

Identifiers that define objects or functions with internal linkage should be unique

Rule 6.1

MISRA_C2012-6.1

Bit-fields shall only be declared with an appropriate type

Rule 6.2

MISRA-C2012-6.2

Single-bit named bit fields shall not be of a signed type

Rule 7.1

MISRA-C2012-7.1

Octal constants shall not be used

Rule 7.2

MISRA_C2012-7.2

A “u” or “U” suffix shall be applied to all integer constants that are represented in an unsigned type

Rule 7.3

MISRA-C2012-7.3

The lowercase character “l” shall not be used in a literal suffix

Rule 7.4

MISRA-C2012-7.4

A string literal shall not be assigned to an object unless the object's type is pointer to const-qualified char

Rule 8.1

MISRA-C2012-8.1

Types shall be explicitly specified

Rule 8.2

MISRA-C2012-8.2

Function types shall be in prototype form with named parameters

Rule 8.3

MISRA-C2012-8.3

All declarations of an object or function shall use the same names and type qualifiers

Rule 8.4

MISRA-C2012-8.4

A compatible declaration shall be visible when an object or function with external linkage is defined

Rule 8.5

MISRA-C2012-8.5

An external object or function shall be declared once in one and only one file

Rule 8.6 MISRA-C2012-8.6

MISRA-C2012-8.6

An identifier with external linkage shall have exactly one external definition

Rule 8.7

MISRA-C2012-8.7

Functions and objects should not be defined with external linkage if they are referenced in only one translation unit

Rule 8.8

MISRA-C2012-8.8

The static storage class specifier shall be used in all declarations of objects and functions that have internal linkage

Rule 8.9

MISRA-C2012-8.9

An object should be defined at block scope if its identifier only appears in a single function

Rule 8.10

MISRA-C2012-8.10

An inline function shall be declared with the static storage class

Rule 8.11

MISRA-C2012-8.11

When an array with external linkage is declared, its size should be explicitly specified

Rule 8.12

MISRA-C2012-8.12

Within an enumerator list, the value of an implicitly-specified enumeration constant shall be unique

Rule 8.13

MISRA-C2012-8.13

A pointer should point to a const-qualified type whenever possible

Rule 8.14

MiSRA-C2012-8.14

The restrict type qualifi er shall not be used

Rule 9.1

MISRA-C2012-9.1

The value of an object with automatic storage duration shall not be read before it has been set

Rule 9.2

MISRA-C2012-9.2

The initializer for an aggregate or union shall be enclosed in braces

Rule 9.3

MISRA-C2012-9.3

Arrays shall not be partially initialized

Rule 9.4

MISRA-C2012-9.4

An element of an object shall not be in itialized more than once

Rule 9.5

MISRA-C2012-9.5

Where designated initializers are used t o initialize an array object the size of the array shall be specified explicitly

Rule 10

MISRA-C2012-10.1

1Operands shall not be of an inappropriate essential type

Rule 10.2

MISRA-C2012-10.2

Expressions of essentially character type shall not be used inappropriately in addition and subtraction operations

Rule 10.3

MISRA-C2012-10.3

The value of an expression shall not be assigned to an object with a narrower essential type or of a different essential type category

Rule 10.4

MISRA-C2012-10.4

Both operands of an operator in which the usual arithmetic conversions are performed s hall have the same essential type category

Rule 10.5

MISRA_C2012-10.5

The value of an expression should not be cast to an inappropriate essential type

Rule 10.6

MISRA-C2012-10.6

The value of a composite expression shall not be assigned to an object with wider essential type

Rule 10.7

MISRA-C2012-10.7

If a composite expression is used as one operand of an operator in which the usual arithmetic conversions are performed then the other operand shall not have wider essential type

Rule 10.8

MISRA-C2012-10.8

The value of a composite expression shall not be cast to a different essential type category or a wider essential type

Rule 11.1

MISRA-C2012-11.1

Conversions shall not be performed between a pointer to a function and any other type

Rule 11.2

MISRA-C2012-11.2

Conversions shall not be performed between a pointer to an incomplete type and any other type

Rule 11.3

MISRA-C2012-11.3

A cast shall not be performed between a pointer to object type and a pointer to a different object type

Rule 11.4

MISRA-C2012-11.4

A conversion should not be performed between a pointer to object and an integer type

Rule 11.5

MISRA-C2012-11.5

A conversion should not be performed from pointer to void into pointer to object

Rule 11.6

MISRA-C2012-11.6

A cast shall not be performed between pointer to void and an arithmetic type

Rule 11.7

MISRA-C2012-11.7

A cast shall not be performed between pointer to object and a noninteger arithmetic type

Rule 11.8

MISRA-C2012-11.8

A cast shall not remove any const or volatile qualification from the type pointed to by a pointer

Rule 11.9

MISRA-C2012-11.9

The macro NULL shall be the only per mitted form of integer null pointer constant

Rule 12.1

MiSRA-C2012-12.1

The precedence of operators within expressions should be made explicit

Rule 12.2

MISRA-C2012-12.2

The right hand operand of a shift operator shall lie in the range zero to one less than the width in bits of the essential type of the left hand operand

Rule 12.3

MISRA-C2012-12.3

The comma operator should not be used

Rule 12.4

MISRA-C2012-12.4

Evaluation of constant expressions should not lead to unsigned integer wrap-around

Rule 13.1

MISRA-C2012-13.1

Initializer lists shall not contain persistent side eff ects

Rule 13.2

MISRA-C2012-13.2

The value of an expression and its persistent side eff ects shall be the same under all permitted evaluation orders

Rule 13.3

MISRA-C2012-13.3

A full expression containing an increment (++) or decrement (--) operator should hav e no other potential side eff ects other than that caused by the increment or decrement operator

Rule 13.4

MISRA-C2012-13.4

The result of an assignment operator should not be used

Rule 13.5

MISRA-C2012-13.5

The right hand operand of a logical && or || operator shall not contain persistent side effects

Rule 13.6

MISRA-C2012-13.6

The operand of the size of operator shall not contain any expression which has potential side effects

Rule 14.1

MISRA-C2012-14.1

A loop counter shall not have essentially floating type

Rule 14.2

MISRA-C2012-14.2

A for loop shall be well-formed

Rule 14.3

MISRA-C2012-14.3

Controlling expressions shall not be invariant

Rule 14.4

MISRA-C2012-14.4

The controlling expression of an if statement and the controlling expression of an iteration- statement shall have essentially Boolean type

Rule 15.1

MISRA-C2012-15.1

The goto statement should not be used

Rule 15.2

MISRA-C2012-15.2

The goto statement shall jump to a label declared later in the same function

Rule 15.3

MISRA-C2012-15.3

Any label referenced by a goto statement shall be declared in the same block, or in any block enclosing the goto statement

Rule 15.4

MISRA-C2012-15.4

There should be no more than one break or goto statement used to terminate any iteration statement

Rule 15.5

MISRA-C2012-15.5

A function should have a single point of exit at the end

Rule 15.6

MISRA-C2012-15.6

The body of an iteration-statement or a selection-statement shall be a compound-statement

Rule 15.7

MISRA-C2012-15.7

All if … else if constructs shall be terminated with an else statement

Rule 16.1

MISRA-C2012-16.1

All switch statements shall be well-formed

Rule 16.2

MISRA-C2012-16.2

A switch label shall only be used when the most closely-enclosing compound statement is the body of a switch statement

Rule 16.3

MISRA-C2012-16.3

An unconditional break statement shall terminate every switch-clause

Rule 16.4

MISRA-C2012-16.4

Every switch statement shall have a default label

Rule 16.5

MISRA-C2012-16.5

A default label shall appear as either the first or the last switch label of a switch statement

Rule 16.6

MISRA-C2012-16.6

Every switch statement shall have at least two switch-clauses

Rule 16.7

MISRA-C2012-16.7

A switch-expression shall not have essentially Boolean type

Rule 17.1

MISRA-C2012-17.1

The features of shall not be used

Rule 17.2

MISRA-C2012-17.2

Functions shall not call themselves, either directly or indirectly

Rule 17.3

MISRA-C2012-17.3

A function shall not be declared implicitly

Rule 17.4

MISRA-C2012-17.4

All exit paths from a function with non-void return type shall have an explicit return statement with an expression

Rule 17.5

MISRA-C2012-17.5

The function argument corresponding to a parameter declared to have an array type shall have an appropriate number of elements

Rule 17.6

MISRA-C2012-17.6

The declaration of an array parameter shall not contain the static keyword between the [ ]

Rule 17.7

MISRA-C2012-17.7

The value returned by a function having non-void return type shall be used

Rule 17.8

MISRA-C2012-17.8

A function parameter should not be modified

Rule 18.1

MISRA-C2012-18.1

A pointer resulting from arithmetic on a pointer operand shall address an element of the same array as that pointer operand

Rule 18.3

MISRA-C2012-18.3

The relational operators >, >=, < and <= shall not be applied to objects of pointer type except where they point into the same object

Rule 18.4

MISRA-C2012-18.4

The +, -, += and -= operators should not be applied to an expression of pointer type

Rule 18.5

MISRA-C2012-18.5

Declarations should contain no more than two levels of pointer nesting

Rule 18.6

MISRA-C2012-18.6

The address of an object with automatic storage shall not be copied to another object that persists after the first object has ceased to exist

Rule 18.7

MISRA-C2012-18.7

Flexible array members shall not be declared

Rule 18.8

MISRA-C2012-18.8

Variable-length array types shall not be used

Rule 19.2

MiSRA-C2012-19.2

The union keyword should not be used

Rule 20.1

MISRA-C2012-20.1

include directives should only be preceded by preprocessor directives or comments

Rule 20.2

MISRA-C2012-20.2

The ', " or \ characters and the /* or // character sequences shall not occur in a header file name

Rule 20.3

MISRA-C2012-20.3

The #include directive shall be followed by either a or "filename" sequence

Rule 20.4

MISRA-C2012-20.4

A macro shall not be defined with the same name as a keyword

Rule 20.5

MISRA-C2012-20.5

undef should not be used

Rule 20.6

MISRA-C2012-20.6

Tokens that look like a preprocessing directive shall not occur within a macro argument

Rule 20.7

MISRA-C2012-20.7

Expressions resulting from the expansion of macro parameters shall be enclosed in parentheses

Rule 20.8

MISRA-C2012-20.8

The controlling expression of a #if or #elif preprocessing directive shall evaluate to 0 or 1

Rule 20.9

MISRA-C2012-20.9

All identifiers used in the controlling expression of #if or #elif preprocessing directives shall be #defi ne’d before evaluation

Rule 20.10

MISRA-C2012-21.10

The # and ## preprocessor operators should not be used

Rule 20.11

Misra-c2012-21.11

A macro parameter immediately following a # operator shall not immediately be followed by a ## operator

Rule 20.12

MISRA-C2012-21.12

A macro parameter used as an operand to the # or ## o perators, which is itself subj ect to further macro replacement, shall only be used as an operand to these operators

Rule 20.13

MISRA-C2012-20.13

A line whose first token is # shall be a valid preprocessing directive

Rule 20.14

MISRA-C2012-20.14

All #else, #elif and #endif preprocessor directives shall reside in the same file as the #if, #ifdef or #ifndef directive to which they are related

Rule 21.1

MISRA-C2012-21.1

defi ne and #undef shall not be used on a reserved identifier or reserved macro name

Rule 21.2

MISRA-C2012-21.2

A reserved identifier or macro name shall not be declared

Rule 21.3

MISRA-C2012-21.3

The memory allocation and deallocation functions of shall not be used

Rule 21.4

MISRA-C2012-21.4

The standard header file shall not be used

Rule 21.5

MISRA-C2012-21.5

The standard header file shall not be used

Rule 21.6

MISRA-C2012-21.6

The Standard Library input/output functions shall not be used

Rule 21.7

MISRA-C2012-21.7

The atof, atoi, atol and atoll functions of shall not be used

Rule 21.8

MISRA-C2012-21.8

The library functions abort, exit, getenv and system of shall not be used

Rule 21.9

MISRA-C2012-21.9

The library functions bsearch and qsort of shall not be used

Rule 21.10

MISRA-C2012-21.10

The Standard Library time and date functions shall not be used

Rule 21.11

MISRA-C2012-21.11

The standard header file shall not be used

Rule 21.12

MISRA-C2012-21.12

The exception handling features of should not be used

Rule 22.1

MISRA-C2012-22.1

All resources obtained dynamically by means of Standard Library functions shall be explicitly released

Rule 22.2

MISRA-C2012-22.2

A block of memory shall only be freed if it was allocated by means of a Standard Library function

Rule 22.4

MISRA-C2012-22.4

There shall be no attempt to write to a stream which has been opened as read-only

Rule 22.5

MISRA-C2012-22.5

A pointer to a FILE object shall not be dereferenced

Rule 22.6

MISRA-C2012-22.6

The value of a pointer to a FILE shall not be used after the associated stream has been closed